DENY DEFEND DEPOSE
Many have illuminated the corruption and greed (e.g.: Rosenthal, Moore), decades ago and the problems simply remain. It is not an issue of awareness at this point, but clearly power games at play. Evidently I am the first to face it with such brutal honesty....
“Deny Depose Defend”. Si trova sui cappelli, in vendita su Amazon per quindici dollari. Appare su portachiavi, tazze, custodie per telefoni, spille, collane, decorazioni per l’albero di Natale, magliette e felpe, acquistabili su eBay, Etsy e Temu. La scelta grafica può variare. Al posto della bilancia, in alcuni casi è presente una ghigliottina, in altri l’immagine di un uomo che impugna una pistola per colpirne un altro alle spalle. Tutti questi prodotti non esistevano fino a qualche giorno fa e dietro tutti questi prodotti c’è la stessa intuizione di marketing: cavalcare l’odio contro il sistema assicurativo sanitario statunitense, esploso dopo l’omicidio del ceo di United Healthcare Brian Thompson, permettendo alle persone di sostenere pubblicamente il suo assassino.
Thompson è stato ucciso mentre si stava dirigendo verso l'Hilton Hotel Midtown di Manhattan. A pochi giorni dalla fuga, è stato arrestato il suo assassino: Luigi Mangione, 26 anni, ex studente brillante, apparentemente in cerca di vendetta. Secondo le ricostruzioni riportate sulla stampa, il ragazzo era rimasto scioccato per come era stato trattato un parente malato dalle assicurazioni sanitarie.
I proiettili utilizzati per ferire a morte il manager portavano incise le scritte “Deny, Depose, Defend” (negare, deporre, difendere), interpretate come un riferimento al libro “Delay, Deny, Defend: Why Insurance Companies Don't Pay Claims and What You Can Do About It” in cui il giurista della Rutgers University Jay Feinman aveva analizzato nel 2010 come le compagnie assicurative negli Stati Uniti sistematicamente ritardino, neghino o difendano in tribunale il pagamento di legittimi risarcimenti per massimizzare i profitti a danno dei consumatori.
La frase è diventata il simbolo della rabbia contro il sistema sanitario nazionale statunitense. Il post di cordoglio della UnitedHealthcare è stato tempestato di messaggi di sostegno all’assassino, su tutte le piattaforme social sono iniziate a circolare le terribili testimonianze di chi aveva dovuto fare i conti con lo spietato sistema sanitario statunitense.
Il sistema sanitario americano è principalmente privato. Spetta ai singoli cittadini provvedere a un’assicurazione sanitaria, che potrà intervenire quando sarà necessario pagare le cure. Senza assicurazione, il cittadino deve sborsare di tasca propria il denaro per ogni singola prestazione medica, che prevede cifre per molti proibitive. Una visita al pronto soccorso costa intorno ai 1400 dollari, un viaggio in ambulanza circa 2mila. Il motivo per cui questo modello è stato scelto, è dettato dalla convinzione che una concorrenza di mercato possa migliorare le prestazioni sanitarie.
Esistono programmi pubblici, ma solo alcuni possono beneficiarne. Medicare è il programma nazionale di assistenza agli anziani ultrasessantacinquenni, indipendente dal reddito. Medicaid è un programma gestito dai singoli Stati (con un contributo federale che copre il 60% delle spese) ed rivolto ad alcune fasce di popolazione a basso reddito (famiglie con bambini, donne in gravidanza, anziani e disabili). Nel 2010 Barack Obama ha promosso la riforma Affordable Care Act, meglio conosciuta come Obamacare, per venire incontro alle categorie escluse da Medicare e Midicaid: i disoccupati, i precari, le persone con stipendi bassi e i cittadini affetti da patologie particolari. Ha ricevuto numerose critiche ed è stata accusata di non aver fatto comunque abbastanza.
Nel 2022, una fondazione privata specializzata in politiche sanitarie, la Commonwealth Fund, ha condotto un'indagine, interrogando 7.873 adulti di età compresa tra i 19 e i 64 anni. Agli intervistati è stato chiesto se a causa delle assicurazioni sanitarie avessero ritardato o rinunciato a curarsi, difficoltà a sostenere i costi, contratto debiti e quale è stato l'impatto sulla loro vita. Uno su due ha risposto di avere difficoltà a sostenere i costi dell’assistenza sanitaria. Almeno un terzo degli adulti assicurati, dice la ricerca, è obbligato per motivi economici a ritardare o a rinunciare a cure e farmaci.
Molti utenti dei social media hanno condiviso un grafico del sito web finanziario ValuePenguin che mostra come UnitedHealthcare abbia il tasso di rifiuto delle richieste di risarcimento più alto tra le principali compagnie assicurative. Secondo un’indagine fatta l’anno scorso da ProPublica, le compagnie assicurative americane rifiutano in media una richiesta di cure ogni sette. Le compagnie assicurative, cercando di massimizzare i profitti, negano ai pazienti i pagamenti, appellandosi a cavilli. Ci sono trattamenti non coperti, ospedali ai quali ci si affida che non sono compresi nel network, o alcune prestazioni mediche non sono rimborsate perché ritenute non necessarie, nonostante il parere contrario del dottore che le prescrive.
Il New York Times scrive che circa 29 milioni di persone restano comunque prive di un’assicurazione sanitaria. Al quotidiano, Stephan Meier, presidente della divisione di gestione della Columbia Business School, ha così commentato la rabbia esplosa sui social: "Il settore assicurativo non è il più amato, per usare un eufemismo. Se fossi un dirigente di alto livello di un'altra compagnia assicurativa, penserei, cosa significa questo per me? Sarò il prossimo?".
“Deny Depose Defend”. Il killer Mangione diventa un brand
Silvia Renda Huffington Post
As of September 2024, UnitedHealthcare saw a profit of over $90 billion over twelve months, up from $60 million in 2020. UnitedHealthcare’s so-called “denial rate” is higher than any other health insurer, and the company has been accused of using algorithms to deny medical treatments.
“Deny”, “Defend” and “Depose”: Luigi Mangione’s Manifesto
JEFFREY ST. CLAIR - JOSHUA FRANK Counterpunch
The 26-year-old was fascinated by AI and decision theory; pro-technology but anti-smartphones; secular and scientific in his outlook, but in favour of religion on Darwinian grounds. What does it all mean? Luigi Mangione's worldview might not be familiar to most Americans, and it's certainly not a common one among politically-motivated killers. Nevertheless, his social media posts, and the users he engaged with, mark him out indelibly as a very specific type of online person.
There's no single accepted name for this loose, extremely online subculture of bloggers, philosophers, shitposters and Silicon Valley coders. "The gray tribe” is one term; ”the rationalist movement” is another. Gray tribe thinkers rarely preach armed insurrection, and are more likely to advocate social change through high-quality randomized controlled studies. Moreover, violent acts are never the consequence of ideology alone. Mangione had recently dropped out of contact with his friends and family, and appears to have suffered from “life-halting” chronic pain. These factors should complicate any simple assumptions about any potential motivation.
The term "gray tribe" comes from a 2014 essay by Scott Alexander, a California psychiatrist and blogger whose influence on rationalist subculture is hard to understate. Intended as contrast to America's "blue tribe" and "red tribe" (generally, Democrats and Republicans), it gave a snappy name to the nebula of "libertarianish tech-savvy nerds" that had grown out of a handful of noughties blogs and forums.
Gray tribers tend be self-consciously intellectual and open-minded, preoccupied with learning how to overcome their own mental biases. They're deliberately eclectic in their information diet, invoking esoteric ideas from many different fields. They often gravitate towards numbers and statistics.mMany work in tech, like Mangione did until recently. Some see themselves as "high decouplers", who are adept at disconnecting emotion and social context from the intellectual questions they consider. Many happen to be autistic. They are also ideologically diverse and highly fractious, which makes all of the above a severe generalization.
His alleged manifesto includes citations, appeals to statistics, and a disclaimer that “obviously the problem [of health insurance] is more complex” than he has time to describe. Other common topics included new technologies such as AI, lab-grown food, utilitarian ethics, and the Singularity (a hypothesised future point at which AI irrevocably escapes human control).
“When we understand just how fast the rate of human progress is increasing, a revolutionary future... is the only logical conclusion”.
Io Dodds The Independent
His Goodreads account runs the gamut from standard college freshman reading list fare (Huxley’s Brave New World, for example) to pop psychology, self-help, and books on chronic back pain (more on that in a second). The only suspicious read is Industrial Society and Its Future, otherwise known as the Unabomber Manifesto, to which Luigi gave four stars.
He apparently had back surgery in 2023, after which he appears to have changed (on his now-suspended Twitter account, there was an X-ray of a back—presumably his—with four screws in it). According to The Baltimore Banner, it became a “time of turbulence, isolation, and pain, both physical and psychological”. Since that summer, friends say that Luigi dropped off the map, refusing to reply to messages. He bailed on a friend’s wedding, and he went to Japan where he had dinner with Obara Jun, a top Japanese professional poker player. In the weeks before the shooting, his mother reported him missing in San Francisco. Mangione’s last address was in Hawaii.
As he was led to his extradition hearing yesterday, Mangione yelled to reporters: “This is completely unjust and an insult to the intelligence of the American people. This is lived experience”.
River Page The Free Press
Currently, 60 percent of Americans say they are living paycheck to paycheck, which means they cannot afford unexpected expenses and continue to pay their bills. The number one cause of bankruptcy in the United States is medical debt. For-profit health care is immoral.
Our reality in America is that roughly 68,000 Americans die each year due to lack of health care. Yet our elected officials do nothing. Neither major political party supports single-payer health care in their platforms; both parties take millions of dollars from health insurance companies. The inaction of our elected officials is bought.
Our government is supposed to protect its citizens. They are currently working on behalf of insurance companies. When insurance companies make decisions in the boardrooms that increase profit while hurting people, that is an act of violence. When insurance companies can bankrupt and kill Americans for profit while elected officials condone it, that is the result of the erosion of our democracy.
I am concerned that political violence will continue to escalate. As President John F. Kennedy once said, “Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable”.
A Maryland mental health professional is charged with murdering her 3-month-old daughter in what police allege was a murder-suicide plot against her family. Mackenzie Rose Colgan faces a first-degree murder charge related to the death of her infant.
Around noon, emergency personnel were notified by Colgan, 37, that she had drowned her child, who was not named by authorities, while giving her a bath. After officers responded to the Chevy Chase, Md., residence, the victim was transported to a nearby hospital where she was pronounced dead. Colgan was arrested on the spot.
Colgan recounted that she woke up on the day of the murder with a plan to “end everything” by killing her family of four, including herself.
Samira Asma-Sadeque People
Ministers in Sweden's government are considering imposing age limits on social media platforms if tech companies find themselves unable to prevent gangs from recruiting young people online to carry out murders and bombings in the Nordics.
A wave of gang crime has led to Sweden recording the most deadly shootings per capita in Europe, a reverse from two decades ago when it had among the lowest. Over the last two years Swedish police say gangs have begun using social media platforms as "digital marketplaces" to openly recruit anonymous teenagers, in some cases as young as 11, to commit murders and bombings in the country and elsewhere in the Nordics.
Australia passed a social media ban for children under 16.
Representatives from TikTok, Meta, Google and Snapchat had promised to do "everything in their power" to tackle the issue and that it was up to the social media platforms to show "concrete results".
The relationship between “civilization” and “violence” is not a simple issue. We consider the United States to be a civilized society (close but not identical to “civilization”), but our history is a violent one. Start with the European colonization of the continent, indeed of the whole western hemisphere. Then we have slavery, the various gold rushes, the vigilantes, the Ku Klux Klan and Jim Crow, union-busting, political assassinations, ad infinitum (or at least ad nauseum).
One characteristic of the modern nation-state is said to be its monopoly of the legitimate use of force, but there is also a history of violent abuse of that monopoly.
Adrienne LaFrance, executive editor of The Atlantic, wrote an article: "Decivilization May Already Be Under Way".
The line between a normal, functioning society and catastrophic decivilization can be crossed with a single act of mayhem. The brazen murder of a CEO in Midtown Manhattan—and, more important, the brazenness of the cheering reaction to his execution—amounts to a blinking-and-blaring warning signal for a society that has become already too inured to bloodshed and the conditions that exacerbate it.
She refers to the work of the German sociologist Norbert Elias ("The Civilizing Process", 1939), for whom civilization was in part defined by “the process by which the use of violence shifted to the state” and “decivilization” was meant to “suggest a condition in which it shifts back to individuals”. But, for LaFrance, it is not just Brian Thompson’s murder and the gleeful reaction to it; it goes deeper:
[T]he Machiavellianism of contemporary politics has stoked both the nihilism of those who believe that violence is the only answer and the whitewashing of recent violent history. This is how a society reaches the point at which people publicly celebrate the death of a stranger murdered in the street. And it is how the January 6 insurrectionists who ransacked the U.S. Capitol came to be defended by lawmakers as political prisoners.
Now we have this story: Republican lawmakers invite a Jan. 6 felon to Trump’s inauguration.
No Democratic equivalent exists of Donald Trump, who regularly praises and encourages violence as a normal tool of politics. . . .
Here is LaFrance again:
A society’s propensity for violence may be ticking up and up and up, even as life continues to feel normal to most people. A drumbeat of attacks, by different groups or individuals with different motivations, may register as different kinds of problems. But take the broad view and you find they point at the same diagnosis: Our social bonds are disintegrating.
Another word for this unraveling is decivilization. The further a society goes down this path, the fewer behavioral options people identify as possible reactions to grievances. When every disagreement becomes zero-sum and no one is willing to compromise, violence becomes more attractive to people. And when violence becomes widespread, the state may escalate its own use of violence—including egregious attacks on civil liberties.
Dan K Daily Kos
Today we announced Gemini 2.0, our most capable AI model yet. Starting today, all Gemini users can now try out a chat optimized version of Gemini 2.0 Flash Experimental, with enhanced performance on a number of key benchmarks and speed. With this new model, Gemini 2.0 will unlock an even more helpful Gemini assistant.
These releases are a significant step forward toward our goal to build the world's most helpful personal AI assistant. They also represent a step towards making our products more agentic; as Gemini gets better and better, it can act on your behalf to get even more done.
One the latest projects from its AI lab DeepMind is Project Astra, a virtual assistant contained in an app. It can process text, images, video, and audio in real time and respond to questions about them. It’s like a Siri or Alexa that’s slightly more natural to talk to, can see the world around you, and can “remember” and refer back to past interactions.
Another previously unannounced experiment is an AI agent called Project Mariner. The tool can take control of your browser and use a Chrome extension to complete tasks.
Many AI companies — particularly OpenAI, Anthropic, and Google — have been hyping up the technology’s latest buzzword: agents. Google CEO Sundar Pichai defines them as models that “can understand more about the world around you, think multiple steps ahead, and take action on your behalf, with your supervision”.
For Google, today’s updates are a sign of what it dubs the “agentic era”. Agents are frontier model creators’ big play at a “killer app” for large language models.
Kylie Robison The Verge
David is a travel consultant and blogger with a relentlessly upbeat attitude and an enormous backpack permanently slung over his shoulders. Conventionally handsome with tanned skin and sun-bleached hair, he looks like the type to brag about his latest stick-and-poke tattoo before launching into a well-rehearsed story about finding himself in Bali. He’s an AI companion.
In our increasingly connection-starved world, virtual companions have been gaining traction at a steady clip. One of the earliest and most popular platforms, Replika, allows users to create their own AI personas and interact with them via text, call, voice note, or augmented reality placements. Character.AI, a role-playing app that allows users to create their own characters, even offers multi-bot conversations so users can mimic group chat banter with several personas at once. The two platforms boast millions of users, many of whom are turning to these AI personas for coaching, friendship, and even romance (albeit at the expense of their private data in some cases).
Research supports the idea that AI companions can provide emotional support. A recent Harvard Business School paper concluded that chatting with an AI companion was as effective as human-to-human interactions when it comes to reducing everyday feelings of loneliness.
PalUp, a new “AI social platform”, was born out of a need for "deeper, more personal connections in a world where many social interactions are para-social, and genuine responses from strangers are rare”, explains Veronica Lin, PalUp’s head of brand and strategy, “through David, we hope to offer users a virtual companion".
ESME BENJAMIN Wired
Google wants the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to end Microsoft's exclusive cloud deal with OpenAI that requires anyone wanting access to OpenAI's models to go through Microsoft's servers. Google's request came after the FTC began broadly probing how Microsoft's cloud computing business practices may be harming competition.
In 2024 alone, Microsoft generated about $1 billion from reselling OpenAI's large language models (LLMs), while rivals were stuck paying to train staff to move data to Microsoft servers if their customers wanted access to OpenAI technology. For one customer, Intuit, it cost millions monthly to access OpenAI models on Microsoft's servers.
Microsoft benefits from the arrangement of increased revenue from reselling LLMs and renting out more cloud servers. It also takes a 20 percent cut of OpenAI's revenue. Last year, OpenAI made approximately $3 billion selling its LLMs to customers like T-Mobile and Walmart.
Donald Trump announced that Andrew Ferguson, a current Republican FTC commissioner, would be replacing Lina Khan as FTC chair. According to The New York Times, Ferguson has "promised to ease up on the policing of powerful American companies—except for the biggest technology firms", which he thinks should continue facing "strong scrutiny".
ASHLEY BELANGER ArsTechnica
Sam Altman, the PT Barnum of the AI industry, has a message for the folks concerned about the technology he’s dedicated his life to advancing: Don’t worry, the nerds are on it.
Altman, the 39-year-old venture capitalist and CEO of OpenAI, was speaking with journalist Andrew Ross Sorkin at the New York Times’ Dealbook Summit. He’s a billionaire doomsday prepper who has also repeatedly warned about the risks of artificial intelligence.
At one point, Sorkin asked: “Do you have any faith that the government, or somebody, is going to figure out how to avoid the existential threats posed by 'superintelligent' AI systems?".
“I have faith that researchers will figure out to avoid that” Altman replied. “I think there’s a set of technical problems that the smartest people in the world are going to work on. And, you know, I’m a little bit too optimistic by nature, but I assume that they’re going to figure that out”.
Even AI researchers admit that they still don’t understand precisely how the technology actually works. AI systems are essentially black boxes that pose “an extinction-level threat to the human species”, according to a report commissioned by the US State Department.
Later, Altman also tried to tamp down speculation about his dramatic fallout with his OpenAI co-founder, Elon Musk, who has since founded his own AI company, xAI, and ascended to President-elect Donald Trump’s inner circle. When asked whether he was worried about Musk abusing his newfound influence and potentially shutting out competitors to xAI and his other tech businesses, Altman responded: “I believe, pretty strongly, that Elon will do the right thing”.
He who lived hoping died...
Allison Morrow, CNN
"The First Humans" è il primo progetto realizzato utilizzando Sora, il nuovo modello di intelligenza artificiale per video sviluppato da OpenAI.
Questa produzione segna l’alba di una nuova era per l’apprendimento e la creatività umana.
Il Messagero
By integrating archaeomagnetic research with archaeology, scientists have uncovered new insights into the events described in the Hebrew Bible, particularly the military campaigns against the kingdoms of Israel and Judah during the 10th to sixth centuries BCE.
The Hebrew Bible and Near Eastern texts recount numerous military campaigns by powerful neighbors like the Egyptians, Arameans, Assyrians, and Babylonians. An interdisciplinary study, led by researchers from Tel Aviv University and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, has employed archaeomagnetic methods to create a chronological framework to date destruction events.
One compelling outcome of this research involves King Hazael of Aram-Damascus, a prominent figure in biblical and historical accounts. Previous studies suggested Hazael’s campaign destroyed several sites, including Gath of the Philistines, Tel Rehov, Tel Zayit, and Horvat Tevet. By synchronizing the magnetic records from these locations, the researchers demonstrated that all four sites were indeed destroyed during the same campaign, around 830 BCE. This breakthrough confirms Hazael’s far-reaching conquests.
The study also addresses the fall of the Kingdom of Judah, one of the most debated episodes in biblical history. Archaeological evidence has long suggested that Judah’s demise under Babylonian forces in 586 BCE was incomplete, as some cities in the southern region remained untouched. Magnetic data supports this, indicating that sites in the Negev and surrounding areas survived the Babylonian conquest only to be destroyed decades later by the Edomites. This betrayal, highlighted in biblical texts, adds depth to the historical record of Judah’s decline.
The implications of this research extend beyond archaeology. Earth's magnetic field, crucial for shielding life from cosmic radiation, is generated by turbulent flows of liquid iron in the planet’s outer core. Geophysicists have long assumed the field changes slowly over decades, but archaeomagnetic studies reveal that dramatic shifts occurred in antiquity. During the period studied, the magnetic field in the Southern Levant exhibited unusually rapid changes and spiked to more than twice its current intensity.
Prof. Ron Shaar, who led the geophysical analysis, emphasizes the significance of these findings: “Our results show that the magnetic field is far less stable than previously thought. This knowledge is vital for understanding Earth's core dynamics and refining geophysical models”.
REBECCA SHAVIT The Brighter Side
Nasa’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has for the first time captured an image of what our galaxy likely looked like just as it was forming - and it's got space scientists feeling very Christmassy.
The image shows ten balls of stars of different colours, appearing like Christmas tree baubles hanging in the cosmos. It's the first time that scientists have witnessed clumps of stars assembling to form a galaxy like our own Milky Way and holds clues as to how the Universe was formed.
Scientists have named the distant galaxy Firefly Sparkle, because it also looks like a swarm of multi-coloured fireflies. “We are actually watching a galaxy as it is being formed brick by brick", said Dr Lamiya Mowla, who co-led the research, “we are able to tell something about the ages of each cluster, the composition of their elements and the temperatures at which they formed”.
To her surprise it turned out to be more than 13 billion light years away.
Pallab Ghosh BBC
LETTURE
Snow Crash follows Hiro, your standard cyberpunk hacker who makes ends meet as a delivery driver, and you can add Doordash and UberEats to the list of today’s technologies that exist, with a disturbing level of accuracy, in Stephenson’s story.
After receiving the “Snow Crash” virus, which manifests itself as visible static in the Metaverse, not the Facebook experiment, Stephenson really did call his virtual world of avatars the Metaverse in 1992; he’s sucked into a journey involving Sumeria, conspiracies, mega-corporations, and the power of language.
Snow Crash is considered the defining cyberpunk novel for a very good reason. It’s partly in the language he uses, with terms today like Metaverse becoming common, but also, he popularized the use of “avatar” to describe someone’s character inside the virtual world.
Most of the appeal of Snow Crash is in how Stephenson envisioned the future as a capitalistic hellscape. Stephenson accurately predicted the internet of 2024, right down to putting a price on public information.
The Central Intelligence Corporation (CIC), which came about when the CIA and the Library of Congress merged, runs the Library, a private collection of information that people are paid to contribute to, and in practice, this is the very common wiki-style of most online databases today, from Wikipedia to Fandom. Another piece of CIC tech is “Earth”, a digital representation of the planet that Google technicians even cited as an influence on the development of Google Earth.
Snow Crash’s Metaverse, though quaint today in a world with Smartphones, helped people envision an interconnected 3D digital world, including the good and the bad, which ended up leading to Second Life, the Metaverse, and Xbox Live.
The problem with reading Stephenson’s instant sci-fi classic is that you’ll look around and realize we’re living in that futuristic dystopia right now.
VISIONI
The feature directed by a collective of Israeli and Palestinian filmmakers offers a rare ground-level view of what life is like for Palestinian villagers in a rural West Bank area who have faced an expulsion order from the Israel Defense Forces that goes back decades.
In the Doc Talk conversation, the filmmakers reject the antisemitism accusation. They mince no words on their feelings about Israeli policy in the Occupied Territories, calling it apartheid. And they question why much of the international community has endorsed the International Criminal Court’s decision to issue an arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin but criticized the court for issuing an arrest warrant for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
Matthew Carey Yahoo Entertainment
Chernov won the best documentary Oscar in March for “20 Days in Mariupol”, his harrowing depiction of the early days of the war. The new film, a joint production between the AP and PBS’ “Frontline” takes place during the failing counteroffensive and focuses on a Ukrainian platoon’s mission to try to liberate a strategic village from occupation.
They need to traverse “one mile of heavily fortified forest”, the description reads. “But the farther they advance through their destroyed homeland, the more they realize that this war may never end”.
Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on Feb. 24, 2022, Europe’s biggest armed conflict since World War II has cost tens of thousands of lives on both sides.
, said she expects audience will be deeply moved by the film.
“It’s an incredible documentary,” said Kim Yutani, the Sundance festival’s director of programming, “it really takes you into the trenches, literally into the trenches with Ukrainian troops, Ukrainian soldiers, citizens who became soldiers — a beautiful, horrifying portrait of the futility of war”.
LINDSEY BAHR AP
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